Dear EditorSeveral new emerging virus infections have become public health problems at present, so all practitioners need to be able to recognize and understand these new infections. Of the several newly reported viral infections, human gyrovirus infection is a very interesting emerging case.

Dear Editor,Emerging infections are usually new considerations in infectious medicine, and today there are many new, problematic infections. Good examples are bird flu, MERS, and the Ebola virus. New infections are usually proven to be the result of new human pathogens, and the outbreak of disease usually occurs without previous knowledge of them. Nevertheless, there are some interesting situations surrounding new emerging infections that are not considered among the present problems in medicine. The first kind of emerging infection is the non-natural emerging infection. This means that the pathogen has been proven to be a human pathogen in experimental studies, but there has never been a natural case report of it.

To construct a semen bank, the collection of donated semen has to be done and an important concern is the safety of collected semen. The contamination is a big problem. Basically, the infectious pathogens can exist within donated semen, hence, a good donor screening is very important. Although viruses have an indirect role in sperm quality, but the evidence in banked semen is presently lack. This does not mean that there is no viral contamination but it might imply the inadequate concern on this issue.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the risky behaviors and explore the newly emerging practices related to Egyptian habits that may lead to HCV transmission.Methods: From January 2011 until January 2012, a case control study matched on socio demographic factors was conducted comparing 540 hepatitis C patients and their contacts who were HCV serologically negative (102 subjects). They were randomly selected from six governorates representing Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt, Middle and Canal regions. The questionnaire covered demographic data, risk exposures, behaviors, and practices for HCV infection. Focus group discussions were done with groups of professionals in Hepatology to discuss the observed emerging risk practices in Egypt.Results: In univariate analysis, invasive medical procedures, wound stitches, illiteracy and marriage were significantly associated with HCV infection. Among women, delivery at home by traditional birth attendant was associated with 3 times (OR=2.91, CI=1.23-6.98) and 4 times (OR=3.94, CI=1.44-11.35) increase in HCV risk than delivery at hospital and by doctors respectively.Among males, shaving at barbershops was associated with 2 fold increase in the risk of infection (OR=2.6, CI=1.44-4.89).Newly observed emerging risk practices were: sharing scarves' pins by veiled women in same houses, sharing loofah for personal cleaning and sharing toothpaste among family members.Conclusion: Increasing risk of HCV infection in Egypt reinforces the need for strict implementation of effective HCV prevention programs according to the prevailing risk behaviours.

Dear Editor, As of 1st May 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected 3, 308, 555 people all over the world, and caused 234, 112 deaths. There are currently no vaccines and no specific therapeutic agents have been shown to be effective against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (1)...

Infection remains a common complication in patients with hematologic malignancies, and despite significant advances in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, is still associated with substantial morbidity and some mortality. The epidemiology of bacterial infection continues to change and is impacted upon by several factors, including the nature of the underlying immunological deficit(s), the nature of antineoplastic therapy, the use of chemoprophylaxis, the use of central venous catheters and other medical devices, and some local epidemiological factors. Constant surveillance and monitoring is necessary in order to detect epidemiological changes in a timely manner, and develop prevention/treatment strategies that take these epidemiologic changes into account. This review will focus on bacteria that are emerging as significant pathogens and are likely to cause therapeutic challenges in the near future, and the need for antimicrobial stewardship.